What key sign indicates a tension pneumothorax?

A tension pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural space and cannot escape, leading to increased pressure that collapses the lung on the affected side and shifts the mediastinum. The combination of respiratory distress and distended neck veins is critical for identifying this condition.

Respiratory distress is indicative of impaired lung function, which is a direct result of the collapsed lung. As the pressure builds in the pleural cavity, it compresses the lungs and affects oxygen exchange, leading patients to experience significant difficulty breathing.

Distended neck veins occur due to increased pressure in the thoracic cavity, which impacts venous return to the heart. When the pressure in the thorax rises, it can prevent blood from effectively returning to the heart, causing venous distension. This sign, along with respiratory distress, provides a clear indicator of tension pneumothorax.

The other options lack the critical components needed to recognize the life-threatening nature of a tension pneumothorax effectively. For instance, non-responsiveness and high blood pressure may indicate other medical emergencies but are not specific to tension pneumothorax. Bradycardia and an elevated temperature might suggest different issues, while chest pain and sudden anxiety can arise in various conditions, none of which